Test of modules for NIM stuff lab. 

Discriminators - DONE
Quad - DONE
Octal - DONE
Quad Risetime compensated - DONE

Coincidence units - DONE
Strobed coincidence units? 
-> Can only test after gate / linear gate tests, needs a gate
Delay units - DONE
OR units - DONE
Hex shaper units - DONE
Pulse counters - DONE
Waveform generators - DONE
Timing units - DONE
Four-fold logic units - DONE
Strobed coincidence

Ask guido if useful to test? 

Gate, linear gate and stretchers


Discriminators
	Set threshold level by adjusting THR screw, confirm by measuring the threshold (which is 10* the actual threshold set, so if you measure -1V = -100mV threshold. The module will give a pulse of size WIDTH for signals over the threshold. There are "single" and "double" (coupled) outputs. When connecting to only one of a "double", load down the other with 50 ohm (or signal will be double size). Expected output: signal of width WIDTH, 0.75-0.90V high. Don't forget to set switch at rear of module to ON. Set switch on bottom to UPDATE ONLY. (some octal modules: set to UP) Note that for the modules with LEDs not all of them work! 
	
	Testing procedure
	switch on at rear, set bottom switch to UPDATE ONLY, set threshold value to -0.5V, test with pulse generator -100mV. Use scope to adjust width to ~40ns to test. 

	Quad discriminators
	No further notes

	Risetime compensated quad discriminators
	Seem to have only up to 0.55V or so threshold (55mV)? 

	Octal discriminators
	No further notes


Hex shaper L1009
	This module works a bit differently from a normal discriminator. There are two types of output. The top output has the DLYD / SYNC switch, and gives a short (13ns) pulse. The other three outputs (two regular, one anti) give a longer output pulse. The width of the regular output pulse is the maximum of the width of the input pulse (at the discrimination level) and the width setting - whichever is longer. The top output gives its fast pulse on the leading edge of the regular output (SYNC) or on the trailing edge (DLYD). 

	Test module with "fast" pulse (100ns width). 



Coincidence units
	Use single octal unit for discrimination of input. Take 2x 200mV signals, split one to scope and use as input, other is just input. Delay settable. Adjust width setting to 40ns. Delay one by 10ns to test that coincidence shifts suitable as inputs put in / out of coincidence.


	IPNL Coincidence triple L80 (ID sticker on back of unit)

	Coincidence triple 2-fold overlap (CERN type N6237 / N6235 / SEN FE263)
		Fixed width output (30ns) cannot be set
		Put the GATED ON switch to the right. 


	SIN Coincid/Or FC104
		Note: did not test combinations of input channels. 

	CERN type 6234 / SEN FE260
		Output width ~10ns? 


Delay units
	Canberra NSEC DELAY 2058
		Serial number on rear

	CERN N9053 / SEN FE290

	Borer Co L361
		No numbering present, so added (bottom front) 

OR units
	No further notes

Timer units

Output pulse length of SEN276 is VERY long
The SEN units need to have the buttons oiled / fixed again

Multi-scaler IPNL L1020
	Usage: left switch, select time, then use the numerical selection to give time (unit 0.1s). Pres start / stop to make measurement begin, counting the number of pulses on COUNT INPUT 1/2/3. Left switch, select COUNT, put signal on Pr and on COUNT INPUT 1/2/3. The counter will count until the number of triggers on Pr reaches the number on the numerical display. 


Pulse generators
	No further notes

Ortec 441 rate meter 

Tennelec TC596 rate meter

Dual Channel BCD scaler 1880B

Tennelec Counter and Timer TC536


Light Diode Drivers (CERN N4168)
	This module is a bit complicated to use, but let's see. The unit takes in an anti-NIM signal (so constant at -800mV or so and spikes to 0V) for the input. The pulse length will be equal to that of the input signal. The amplitude adjustment allows it to reach 16V according to the manual, so be careful testing it on the scope! 


LeCroy 4-fold logic unit - 365AL / 365ALP
	This is an interesting unit. The module generates pulses based on the inputs. Defining "low" as 0V and "high" as -800mV, there are many options available. Each input channel can be excluded by inserting a pin in the requisite hole A/B/C/D. On the "coincidence" you can select how many channels you want to be simultaneously high, and the module will generate an output when any combination of the inputs meets this condition. For example, with three inputs and requiring a coincidence of three, the output signal is effectively A&&B&&C. However, requiring only two the output signal is (A&&B || A&&C || B&&C). This is referred to as "majority logic". There is a white-labelled patch in the middle which is for pin storage (!!!) - it serves no further function. 

	Testing procedure: make four 50ns signals delayed by ~10ns each (so 0, 10, 20, 30ns). Connect to A,B,C,D. Adjust width to see that it works. Insert pin for coincidence = 1 (or no pin, makes no difference). Turn off channel A, then *also* turn off B, then also turn off C, then also turn off D. If all is well, the signal will move 10ns on each added pin and disappear on the last. Remove all these pins, \then move the coincidence pin from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4. At each of these steps, the signal should move again 10ns. If this works for both modules, pass, next. 


Gate units
	A gate unit is a bit like a coincidence unit, it checks for overlap between the GATE and the INPUT. The output signal has a length that is equal to the time that the two overlap. In OPEN mode, it just passes the input signal. 

Dual gate generator (Lecroy 222 / 222N) 
	A gate generator gives a NIM signal of adjustable width, that can be used as a GATE input for other modules. As such, it functions similar to a gate generator. It can be used for generating NIM style signal (-800mV) or TTL signals (+3.3V or so). Attach a NIM-style signal to the START input, and the output will give a gate of the desired length. 


Linear gate and stretcher (Canberra 1454)
I can't figure out what these units do or what they are supposed to do. When I do get a signal out, the leading and falling edges are terrible. Probably not meant for fast signals? 


Logic fan-in / fan-out (Lecroy 429)
Output is "high" (-800mV) when at least one input is high. 

Linear fan-in (LeCroy 127FL)
Output is a linear combination of the N inputs. This means that the output levels are the "sum" of the input levels - partially overlapping signals will be added up. However, it looks like it is not entirely linear - stacking three signals does not work. The "full" output is still -800mV when properly decoupled, so a single -800mV NIM input signal gives half a NIM signal as output. 

Linear buffer (IPNL L2001) 
Seems to function as advertised - a linear buffer. Returns a 1.4V output signal? 

Strobed coincidence units (LeCroy 370C) 
Same as a regular coincidence units, but measures the overlay of the GATE and the INPUT. One GATE is used for multiple INPUTs (up to 8). The OUTPUT is high (-800mV) for as long as the GATE and the INPUT are both high. The GATE should be a regular NIM pulse, which can be generated from any other NIM unit or set to a specific length using for example a gate generator. 

LeCroy 621S quad discriminator
Use regular 621 manual (more power dissipation, see page 8 of 621AL etc manual) 

Canberra Linear Gate and Stretcher (1454)
Do NOT use this for the cosmic ray experiment. It has a shaping time of 500ns, which is far too high for use with these detectors. 
